The CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 for the academic session 2025-26 has been announced on 29th March 2025. The syllabus for all the subjects (including practical) is different and is segregated into various units, and its respective chapters & topics. Students are advised to thoroughly review the syllabus & prepare subject matter according to it so as to enhance their chances of securing the desired marks in the board exam.
The CBSE 12th exam syllabus 2026 is designed & released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). After qualifying CBSE Class 12th exam, students will be eligible for taking admission in the Colleges / Institutes /Universities for pursuing higher education.
The CBSE board exam 2026 Class 12th syllabus comprises 9 major elective areas which are listed below:
* These elective areas comprise various subjects. Out of those subjects students have to opt for either 5 or 6 subjects.
The exam conducting authority has regulated the CBSE 12th exam syllabus 2026 & the list of books that are to be referred for preparing the subject matter. Candidates can check below to proceed further with the CBSE 12th exam syllabus PDF download that comprises comprehensive subject-wise syllabus.
By going through the downloaded CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026, students can prepare practical & effective strategies to hone their knowledge & perform better in the board exam.
Students who are going to appear for the CBSE Class 12th board exam 2026 are advised to get well-acquainted with the prescribed syllabus. The CBSE Class 12th Exam Syllabus 2026 for some of the subjects of the Arts discipline is described below:
Geography
Candidates are supposed to cover the syllabus of the Geography subject from different books. The details of the same are mentioned in the table below:
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Chapters |
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Book: Fundamental of Human Geography |
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Human Geography |
Secondary Activities |
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The World Population Density Distribution and Growth |
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities |
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Human Development |
Transport, Communication and Trade |
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Primary Activities |
International Trade |
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Book: India People and Economy |
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Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition |
Mineral And Energy Resources |
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Human Settlements |
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context |
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Land Resources and Agriculture |
Transport and Communication |
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Water Resources |
International Trade |
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Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems |
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Book: Geography Practical II |
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Data - Its Source and Compilation |
Graphical Representation of Data |
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Data Processing |
Spatial Information Technology |
Political Science
For the History subject, the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 comprising the chapters to be studied is as follows:
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Chapters |
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Part A: Contemporary World Politics |
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The End of Bipolarity |
International Organizations |
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Contemporary Centres of Power |
Security in the Contemporary World |
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Contemporary South Asia |
Environment and Natural Resources |
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Globalisation |
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Part B: Politics in India Since Independence |
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Challenges of Nation-Building |
Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System |
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Era of One-Party Dominance |
The Crisis of Democratic Order |
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Politics of Planned Development |
Regional Aspirations |
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India’s External Relations |
Recent Developments in Indian Politics |
There are various subjects in the Commerce discipline; the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 of some its subjects are outlined in tables below:
Business Studies
Candidates who desire to secure well in the Business Studies subject must follow the updated CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 that is given below:
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Units |
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Part A: Principles and Functions of Management |
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Nature and Significance of Management |
Organising |
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Principles of Management |
Staffing |
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Business Environment |
Directing |
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Planning |
Controlling |
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Part B: Business Finance and Marketing |
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Financial Management |
Marketing Management |
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Financial Markets |
Consumer Protection |
Economics
Students who have opted for the Economics subjects must be thorough with the following units mentioned in the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026:
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Units |
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Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics |
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National Income and Related Aggregates |
Determination of Income and Employment |
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Money and Banking |
Government Budget and the Economy |
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Balance of Payments |
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Part B: Indian Economic Development |
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Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms Since 1991 |
Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy |
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Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours |
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Science discipline comprises intricate topics, and specialised knowledge & methodologies. Thus, students are required to prepare an efficient subject matter to study the same. The following are the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 for a few subjects:
Biology
The units & its respective chapters to be covered in the Biology subject for the CBSE 12th Exam 2026 are outlined in the table below:
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Chapters |
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Unit 6: Reproduction |
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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
Human Reproduction |
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Reproductive Health |
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Unit 7: Genetics & Evolution |
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Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
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Evolution |
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Unit 8: Biology & Human Welfare |
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Human Health and Diseases |
Microbes in Human Welfare |
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Unit 9: Biotechnology & its Applications |
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Biotechnology - Principles and Processes |
Biotechnology and its Applications |
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Unit 10: Ecology & Environment |
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Organisms and Populations |
Ecosystem |
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Biodiversity and its Conservation |
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Mathematics
Students should be well-versed with the following chapters mentioned in the CBSE exam 2026 Class 12th syllabus in order to perform well in the Mathematics paper:
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Chapters |
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Unit 1: Relations and Functions |
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Relations and Functions |
Inverse Trigonometric Functions |
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Unit 2: Algebra |
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Matrices |
Determinants |
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Unit 3: Calculus |
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Continuity and Differentiability |
Integrals |
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Applications of Derivatives |
Application of the Integrals |
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Differential Equations |
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Unit 4: Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry |
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Vectors |
Three - Dimensional Geometry |
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Unit 5: Linear Programming |
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Linear Programming |
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Unit 6: Probability |
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Probability |
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Students should be aware that the question paper of the board exam is designed according to the content mentioned in the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 for the respective subjects. Thus, it is very important for the students to be well-acquainted with the CBSE 12th Exam Pattern 2026. Based on the paper pattern stated by CBSE (conducting body), the board theory exam is conducted once every year for a duration of 3 hours (2 hours for the Vocational subjects). Each subject carries a total of 100 marks (theory + practical).
The medium of instruction of paper will be English / Hindi. Moreover, for subjects like Mathematics, Political Science, Political Science and more, the students will have to attempt the theory paper out of 80 marks & 20 for practical / project work / internal assessment, as applicable for the CBSE 12th class board exam. In the case of Physics, Chemistry, Geography, etc. the theory paper will be of 70 marks and 30 for the practical exam / project work. Furthermore, negative marking will not be done.
Check: CBSE 12th Exam PYQ
he CBSE exam 2026 Class 12th syllabus has been released by the exam conducting authority on its official website.
The CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 is designed by the exam conducting authority i.e., Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
Yes, students are advised to follow the CBSE Class 12th exam syllabus 2026 since the question paper of the board exam is prepared according to the subject matter of the prescribed syllabus.
The exam conducting authority has prescribed the list of books that has to be referred for covering the content mentioned in the CBSE exam 2026 Class 12th syllabus.
For Economics, students are supposed to cover its entire CBSE 12th board exam syllabus 2026. However, units like Current Challenges facing Indian Economy, and Development Experience (1947-90) & Economic Reforms since 1991 has the highest weightage of marks.
